Things have been happening so suddenly. It was a while before I realized I am almost stuck in a trap (or at least to me it seemed to be so). I am not much of a savings person. I use my credit card a lot.

The only saving grace seems to be that I have taken no loans and I have no liability.
Otherwise I’d be stuck in a debt trap. With no way to know how to get myself out of it. Let’s just say that I am one of the “lucky” ones. What about those who are not so lucky? What can they do when in a debt trap?

One option is to go to a financial advisor or consultant. But, they can be expensive.
The better solution is to approach a credit counseling center. There are several credit counseling centers in cities across India.

Some banks also have own credit counseling centers too, such as the Bank of India-sponsored Abhay, at Dadar in Mumbai. This agency, the first of its kind, also has centers in Gumla (Jharkhand), Wardha, and Chennai.

ICICI Bank’s credit counseling centre, Disha has centers at Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Kanpur, Delhi, Chennai, and Kolkata.

These centers will help you chart out a plan to repay your debts. You can swap your high cost borrowings for low cost debt. Interest rates may be bought down to as low as 18 per cent for levels such as 36 per cent in some cases.

These centers can also help you restructure the loan portfolios and formulate repayment plans. They may also help borrowers negotiate with banks for restructuring debts.

Here are the addresses:

• Abhay (Bank of India), 61 A, Sadanand, 1st Floor, Above Bank of India Branch, Gokhale Road (north), Dadar (West), Mumbai- 4000 028. Call 022-24221843.
• Disha (ICICI Bank), Prince Apartments, Ground Floor, Karani Lane, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai 4000 028. Call 65971815/86/87. Visit www.dishfc.org
• Union Mitra (Union Bank of India), Union Bank Bhavan, 239, Vidhan Bhavan Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai- 400021. Call 022-22896502.

Another familiar gripe - A little outstanding amount remaining on the credit card because of bank’s mistake, bank promises to waive off the amount and close the account.

But, surprise! The account has remained open, accruing interest. In a fairly new twist to this scenario, the bank now proceeds to divert payments made to credit card account to the customer’s loan account. Result? Outstanding dues in both accounts. Long term result? Credit card applications being rejected, loan applications being rejected…

The customer is not willing to pay the remaining amount because, he thinks, rightly, that he shouldn’t be left holding the baby because the bank screwed things up. And he asks, very sensibly, what are the guarantees that the bank will act towards removing his name from the defaulters’ list? (which, by the way, the bank cannot. Once your name appears on the defaulters’ list, it is there to stay for the next seven years.)

The answer to all this is not calculated to have customers such as the one mentioned above burst into song. The best way to deal with this kind of blatant chicanery is to indeed pay the outstanding amount up first. The more one delays, the more it affects the credit ratings. Once this is done, one should register a complaint on the bank’s website. And if one does not receive a satisfactory response within 2-3 weeks, approach the Banking Ombudsman with your complaint. Details on how to do this are available on the site - www.bankingombudsman.rbi.org.in.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3418711.cms

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) has given permission to insurance companies to invest in mortgage-backed securities (MBS). LIC however, is more comfortable lending directly to housing finance companies (HFCs).

LIC will earn about 11.50% from bank deposits and short-term papers.

If LIC is successful in doing this, it could help banks reduce their prime lending rate (PLR). In addition, the funds lent out will be securitized by the property of customers taking home loans.

LIC has many policies in which policy holders participates in the company’s profit. More importantly, the above mentioned initiative could mean that LIC passes these profits to their customers in the form of bonuses. This will lead to an increased benefit along with the sum insured to policy holders.

Interest rates on loan can be changed, easily. Just read the agreement.

In case of floating interest rates, take rate change for granted. I read a clause in a home loan agreement of one of India’s largest private sector bank. The clause is that this rate of interest is linked to what is known as its Floating Reference Rate (FRR). And, the bank holds the right to change it at its sole discretion. The bank also holds the right to increase or decrease the EMI at its sole discretion. It’s called adjustable interest rate anyway!

What about fixed rates? I have read that banks do offer something called a fixed rate but then there is a rest clause attached to it. In the agreement terminology, it is known as “Fixed rate of interest with money market conditions.” (This is how ‘fixed’ your interest rate really is). The clause in the agreement goes something like this:

“From time to time, ___ Bank may, in its sole discretion, alter the rate of interest suitably on account of change in ___ Bank’s internal policies or if unforeseen or extraordinary changes in the Money Market Conditions take place during the tenure of the Facility. Thenceforth, the rate of interest varied as aforesaid shall be applicable to the Facility.
___ Bank shall be the sole judge to determine whether such conditions exist or not. If the Borrower/s is not agreeable to the revised rate by ___ Bank then within fifteen (15) days of the receipt of the notice from ___ Bank intimating the change, the borrower (s) shall be entitled to ___ Bank to terminate the Facility and prepay Facility and all the amounts due to ___ Bank in full in accordance with the provisions of the Facility/Agreement relating to prepayment.”

Basically, the bank allows it unlimited wriggle room to increase rates as and when they damn well please. Not that they do that, but they have legal immunity built in because of the clause.

By now it’s a known fact that we are in midst of unprecedented global turmoil. India is surely not insulated from whatever is happening around the globe. To add to that we have our own local problems like high inflation, subdued IIP numbers, which in turn have posed a big threat to our GDP growth. Stock markets are bound to react to whatever is happening around the globe and there is no surprise that our own stock index has shaved off almost 50% from its peak much in line with other indexes around the world. Such is the retail investor psyche that these same buyers who were queuing up to buy at 21,000 odd levels now shudder at even the thought of investing in the market!

The fear is well warranted considering the uncertainty we are facing.

I don’t know where this will end or how much more downside we can eye from here. Not because I am ignorant but only because it should not matter for me as a long-term investor in the equity markets. Notwithstanding all the macro and micro gloomy data points together with the uncertainty hovering around, the fact remains that the current turmoil gives an excellent opportunity for an Investor to build a long-term portfolio in equity markets.

Yes, I do agree a lot will depend on the quality of stocks we pick in the portfolio. But here again, remember that investing is simple. It is only as complicated as you make it. Considering the fact that we are almost trading at 2-year lows on the Index, this is an excellent opportunity for first-time investors to build fresh exposure in the equity market. It surely doesn’t get better than this.

So, where does one start??

The index has shaved off more than 50% from its peak dragging with it all the heavy weight stocks.

In times like these it is always advisable to start building exposure in the markets through the frontline stocks for the following reasons:

1. These are fundamentally good stocks, available at attractive valuations. Typically, during periods of panic, market players tend to over-do the concerns surrounding the stocks pushing the prices much below their intrinsic value.
2. Whenever there is a reversal of trend in the markets, these stocks will be the first to bounce from their lows giving a sharp recovery

How can you take exposure to these stocks?
There are various ways in which you can start building exposure to these front liners:

• Index Funds: Index funds (passively managed funds) from mutual funds could be a good option. These could be funds tracking a particular index (say Nifty or Sensex).

• Diversified Equity Funds: One can have exposure to diversified equity fund schemes of mutual funds, where the exposure could be towards the blend of mid & large-cap funds as per the schemes’ objectives. But please make sure you check the top 20 holdings of the scheme you are planning to invest in, as your objective is to be a part of the frontline stocks.

• Nifty BeES: Nifty BeES is the first ETF (Exchange Traded Fund) in India.

The investment objective of Nifty BeES is to provide investment returns that, closely correspond to the total returns of securities as represented by the S&P CNX Nifty. Typically value of Nifty BeES will be 1/10th value of the prevailing Nifty price (For example, if Nifty is currently trading at 3500, Nifty BeES could be available @ 350) and it can be bought and sold on the National Stock Exchange like a share. In short, you buy/sell the broad Indian market using just 1 scrip.

• Direct Equities: You can even directly buy the stocks form the market in a staggered manner, provided you fully understand the nitty-gritty of investing in equities. If you don’t possess the requisite expertise, simply turn to a professional money manager.

Whatever may be your mode of investing make sure you do some serious investing at these levels. If you feel jittery to invest the entire chunk, start investing at least 30-40% of your investible surplus in equities. And remember always, that best of the investments are always made in the worst of the times.

Kapil Mokashi is an Associate Financial Planner, working with Sharekhan Ltd. as an equity advisor.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Personal_Finance/Insurance/Insurance_news/Cabinet_to_decide_soon_on_raising_FDI_cap_in_insurance/articleshow/3433117.cms

The move to hike the FDI cap in the insurance sector to 49% comes at a time when the government is trying various policy measures to infuse liquidity in the financial system by easing norms for foreign investment in India.

A hike in the sectoral FDI cap to 49 per cent would further grow the insurance sector and bring in much needed FDI to the country.

This move will ultimately help in increasing coverage to the rural and other social sectors, thereby increasing insurance penetration in the country.

As far as the increase in the FDI cap, for insurers to penetrate into the rural and other remote areas, they will require funds to build offices, IT, better transportation facilities, and many more things required to be functional in those areas. This in turn will increase employment, develop tertiary sectors such as IT/ITeS and provide long-term investment for developing infrastructure.

On the flip side, this move could have an adverse effect on LIC. The increased FDI inflow into the other insurance players could hit the marketing force of LIC as well as the management of incentive structure.

Do not be surprised if your loan application is rejected even after you have paid off your much due credit card outstanding balance. The bank might have called you and given you an option where you could just pay a specified sum, in return for a settlement letter. Once you do that and get the settlement letter, it doesn’t for a moment mean that the slate has been wiped clean. You apply for a personal loan or a home loan and the lender will simply let you know that it isn’t interested in lending to you because your name comes up in the Defaulters list on the Satyam or CIBIL list.

When you go in for a settlement, banks can and will legally report you as a defaulter - to the extent of the dues foregone by them - at the credit bureau. All details concerning your default stay at the credit bureau for 7 years. You must understand that you CANNOT remove your name from this defaulters’ list. It will be removed from the list only after seven years, provided you do not default on any subsequent loans (if you manage to get it, that is). What you COULD do is to try applying for a secured credit card - a card that is offered against your term deposits at the bank. This type of card is available at many banks. Build a good credit record with it. This will not remove your name from CIBIL defaulter list but it will improve your credibility in your credit report. This would also increase your chances of getting credit facility from various banks at decent terms in future.

The full story is at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Personal_Finance/Mutual_Funds/Trail_fees_by_any_other_name_pinches_as_much/rssarticleshow/3299673.cms

The story is about MF houses charging illegal fees to their investors.
“In a bid to boost their profitability, several MF houses are now charging trail fees (even for direct investors) under the other expenses head, disguising it with names like miscellaneous marketing expenses or other operating charges,” says a financial planner, who is empanelled with several fund houses.
Why are the fund houses fooling the investor? This shows clearly that the MF houses are only looking at their own benefits. Why is the regulator silent on all these wicked strategies of mutual fund houses? Why is no action being taken? Why is SEBI not taking this seriously?
There will be people who might think that this is a small issue; but my dear friends, this is a very serious issue as the MF houses are eating up investors’ money. They are committing fraud as no one is stopping them. Not even the regulator! I would request all the people who read this to complain to SEBI about it.

The best way to avoid fraud is to know how the fraud occurs. Credit card fraud starts when the card is stolen or when the crucial information of the card is stolen. This includes name of card holder, the account number, expiration date, and verification/CVV code. Stolen cards should be reported quickly by calling the customer care department. But stolen information is difficult to trace and one can only know that the fraud has occurred when the bill statement. Ergo, one should also check bill statement carefully when it comes in.
Identity thefts on card are increasing these days. Identity thefts are of two types - application fraud and account takeover.

Application fraud refers to the fraud when the criminal steals your document to open an account in someone else name. The criminal may steal your important documents like utility bills and bank statements in order to build up useful personal information.

Alternatively they may create fake documents. In account takeover fraud the criminal may gather the information of a person’s bank account then the criminal calls up the bank as a genuine cardholder and ask the bank to send the mail to the new address. The criminal would then report the loss of card. And then once the criminal receives the replacement card, he/she can use it!

Skimming is another type fraud done on credit cards. It is typically done by the dishonest employee working with the merchant. In skimming the criminal uses a small electronic device which is known as skimmer to capture the magnetic strip data on the card. This is then transferred to another, duplicate, card. The duplicate card is then used for fraud purposes.
It is easy for the bank to detect this type of fraud. The bank can collect a list of all the card holders who have complained about fraudulent transactions. Then, it uses data mining to discover relationships among the card holders and the merchants they use.
For instance if a large no. of the afore-mentioned credit card holders have used a particular merchant, that merchant terminal or (point-of-sale device) can be directly investigated.

In case of application and account takeover frauds you don’t have to worry much. If any unsolicited card is activated without the consent of the recipient the central bank has said that the issuing bank has to reverse the charges. Plus, they (issuing bank) would be required to pay a penalty twice the amount of the charges reversed. All you must do is to report a complaint at the issuing bank. If you do not receive a satisfactory/any response within 2-3 weeks, please approach the Banking Ombudsman. The details are available at www.bankingombudsman.rbi.org.in.

Today, the equity market has been discounted by almost 50% from its peak. Investors are bearish to enter in this market. In the current scenario Indian equity markets are reacting with global cues. So, any positive cue of stabilization in global markets will start showing uptrend in our markets too. To take the advantage of this uptrend with minimum risk exposure in these scenario investors should follow the 90/10 strategy which will keep them in the loop. Now, there might be few questions rising in the mind of investors such as, what is 90/10 strategy? How they will be benefiting with this strategy?
Basically, the 90/10 strategy involves purchasing calls on the same number of shares of stock that would have been purchased outright, then investing the difference in a fixed income security such as government bonds. The name of the strategy is derived from the most common proportion in which the investments are allocated: 90 percent in government bonds and 10 percent in index or stock call options. This strategy is particularly appropriate for an investor who is not interested to risk his/her capital by investing in the stock market but wishes to participate in the growth of the stock market with limited risk exposure. Interest on the government bonds covers part of the possible loss on the calls. This strategy permits the investor to benefit from favorable stock price movements while limiting the downside risk to the call premium less any interest earned. It is particularly effective approach in periods of high interest rates because of greater interest income.

Example:
The common stock of ABC sells at Rs. 2000 per share. The purchase of 100 shares will cost Rs. 200,000. Let’s also assume that this investor’s upper limit on investment is Rs. 200,000.
Now, let’s assume that the stock call option’s strike price is fixed at Rs. 2000 per share, with a premium of Rs 200 per share. Therefore, if the investor wants to buy the hundred shares it would cost him/her just Rs. 20000. This, in turn, would leave him/her Rs. 180,000 to be invested in something safer, such as government bonds.
Suppose the government bonds mature in six months and earn 6 percent interest. The Rs. 180,000 would earn interest of Rs. 5400 (Rs. 1,80,000 x 0.06 x 6/12). This interest reduces the investor’s cost of the call to Rs. 14600 (Rs. 20000 - Rs. 5400). The Rs. 14600 also represents the investors maximum risk exposure compared to the Rs. 200,000 cost if the 100 shares were purchased outright.
The beauty of this strategy is that although the risk is limited, the potential capital appreciation is not. Once the market price of ABC increases beyond the strike price, the call buyer could realize the same rupee appreciation at expiration as that of an investor who owns 100 shares of the common stock. Therefore, this strategy limits risk to the net cost of the call while still enabling investors to realize capital appreciation.